Key Takeaways
Order books display the current buy and sell orders (bids and asks), showing the market's supply and demand dynamics for a given trading pair.
In highly liquid markets, order books are continuously updated, and when a trade is executed, the corresponding orders are promptly removed from the book. This makes the order book a dynamic tool for tracking market activity.
Order books can be useful in spotting potential support and resistance levels and analyzing market depth. However, because buy and sell walls can create false impressions of supply and demand, order books should be used alongside other tools for more accurate market analysis.
What Is an Order Book?
An order book is like a real-time list of all the current buy and sell orders for a particular asset, such as stocks, commodities, or cryptocurrencies. It provides a snapshot of what buyers are willing to pay (bids) and what sellers are asking for (asks), helping you see market demand and supply.
On the Binance App, the order book is located under your trading chart and looks like this:
On Binance Web, the order book is located on either the left or right side of your trading interface (left side for Spot and Margin; right side for Futures). It looks like this:
How Order Books Work
In high-liquidity markets, you will notice that order books are live and constantly being updated. As new buy or sell orders come in, they are added to the list. When a trade happens, the relevant orders are removed from the order book. Essentially, order books are where you see the open orders that represent ongoing negotiations between buyers and sellers.
If you're a buyer, your order will be added based on the maximum price you’re willing to pay. If you're a seller, it’s based on the minimum price you're willing to accept.
Key Components of an Order Book
Buy orders (bids): These show what buyers are ready to pay. Usually, they’re listed from the highest to the lowest bid price.
Sell orders (asks): These show what sellers want to get for their assets. They’re listed from the lowest to the highest ask price.
Price and quantity: For each order, the book shows how much the trader wants to buy or sell and at what price.
Spread: This is the gap between the highest bid and the lowest ask. A smaller spread means the market is more liquid.
Order matching: When a buy and sell order line up, the matching engine will execute the trade. In other words, if a buyer agrees to pay the seller’s asking price (or if a seller agrees to take a bid), the trade goes through.
Visualizing Order Books: Depth Charts
Many traders use depth charts, which are visual representations of the order book. On the chart, the x-axis shows price points, and the y-axis shows the volume of buy and sell orders at each price.
On Binance, you can find the depth chart at the top right corner of your chart interface. You can also use the Depth chart to check the current bid-ask spread of a particular market.
You’ll see two curves: one for bids (buy orders in green) and one for asks (sell orders in red). By analyzing these curves, traders can get a sense of where the market is more likely to move or spot "buy walls" or "sell walls" that might stop the price from moving past certain levels.
How Traders Use Order Books
Order books can provide interesting insights into market liquidity and trends. Some of the ways traders use order books include:
Spotting support and resistance: Large buy orders (buy wall) at a certain price might suggest strong support, while large sell orders (sell wall) may signal resistance at that price.
Liquidity analysis: Deep order books with lots of orders make it much easier to buy or sell without pushing the price up or down too much.
Market depth: Traders often look at how many orders are “waiting” at different prices to anticipate potential market moves. For example, if there are many buy orders around certain prices, there is a higher probability of those levels acting as support.
However, orders can be placed and removed easily. Buy walls and sell walls are sometimes used to create false impressions of supply and demand. So don’t rely too much on the order book. It can provide some insights, but it’s not foolproof.
Types of Orders in an Order Book
Market orders: These orders are executed immediately at the best available price. For example, if a buyer submits a market order, it will be matched with the lowest ask price in the order book.
Limit orders: A limit order allows traders to specify the price at which they are willing to buy or sell. This order will only execute if the market price reaches the trader's limit price, ensuring control over the execution price but with no guarantee that the trade will be executed.
Stop orders: These are conditional orders placed to buy or sell an asset once its price moves past a specified point, triggering a market or limit order. Stop orders are often used to minimize losses, making them very useful for risk management.
Closing Thoughts
In short, an order book is a useful tool for understanding supply and demand in financial markets. Whether you're trading stocks, commodities, or cryptocurrencies, knowing how to read an order book can help you make better trading decisions.
Still, orders can be quickly created and deleted. Remember that buy walls and sell walls are sometimes used to create false impressions of supply and demand. To reduce risks, it might be a good idea to combine your order book analysis with other technical indicators and tools.
Further Reading
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