Keccak ek cryptographic hash function hai jo Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) family ke sab se naye member SHA-3 ki bunyad hai.
Keccak ko Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, Michaël Peeters aur Gilles Van Assche ne design kiya tha. Yeh European cryptographers ki ek team thi (Daemen ne AES cipher ko bhi mushtarka tor par design kiya tha).
Agarcheh Keccak data encryption jaise deegar maqasid ke liye bhi istemal ho sakta hai, lekin yeh sab se ziada hash function ke tor par mashoor hai. Yeh SHA-2 (224, 256, 384 aur 512 bits) ke barabar output sizes produce karta hai, lekin is ka internal mechanism kaafi mukhtalif hai, isi liye aksar is ki nisbat ziada mehfooz hi nahi, balkeh ziada jadeed mutabadil ke tor par bhi dekha jata hai.
2004 aur 2005 mein SHA-1 ke khilaf nazriati attacks samne aaye, jin se is ki taweel mudati qabil e aitemad hasiyat se mutaliq khadshaat paida huwe. SHA-2 ko US National Security Agency (NSA) ne design kiya tha aur NIST ne isay 2001 mein publish kiya, lekin SHA-1 se migration sust rahi.
2017 ke aaghaz tak, barre browsers aur certificate authorities ne kaafi had tak muntaqili ka yeh amal mukammal kar liya tha. February 2017 mein, Google aur CWI Amsterdam ke researchers ne SHAttered ka elaan kiya, jo SHA-1 ke khilaf pehla amli collision attack tha (is mein attacker ko do mukhtalif inputs milte hain jo security system ko ek hi hash generate karne par majboor karte hain). Us waqt se, SHA-1 ko collision resistance ke liye ghair mehfooz samjha jata hai, aur NIST ne 2030 tak tamam applications ke liye SHA-1 ki ijazat na dene ke mansoobon ka elaan kiya hai.
NIST ne 2007 mein ek naya hash algorithm tayar karne ke liye ek public competition ka aaghaz kiya. Us waqt, SHA-2 ke khilaf koi eham attack samne nahi aaya tha, lekin NIST chahta tha ke kisi attack ke samne aane se pehle is ka agla version tayar ho, kiun keh naya function develop aur standardize karne mein kai saal lagte hain. Chaar members par mushtamil team ne 2008 mein Keccak ko competition mein jama karwaya, aur October 2012 mein NIST ne isay kamyab algorithm ke tor par muntakhib kar liya. 2015 mein isay FIPS 202 (Federal Information Processing Standards) ke tor par standardize kiya gaya, aur yeh SHA-3 ke tor par officially SHA family mein shamil ho gaya.
Mustaqbil mein SHA-3 ke istemal mein izafa ho sakta hai kiun keh naye systems is ke mukhtalif structure ko tarjeeh dete hain, albatta ke SHA-2 par abhi tak koi kamyab attack nahi hua.
Binance Academy Editorial