Key Takeaways
Crypto wallets allow you to interact with blockchain networks to send, receive, and manage digital assets like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana.
Wallets are also used to generate and store your private keys and seed phrases, which are basically the passwords that give access to your cryptocurrencies.
Most crypto wallets are either custodial or non-custodial. Custodial wallets are managed by third parties. Non-custodial wallets give you full control over your keys and assets.
Crypto wallets can be divided into three groups: software, hardware, and paper wallets. Depending on how they work, they can also be categorized as hot or cold wallets.
Software wallets are more convenient to use, but hardware wallets are generally the safer option. Paper wallets, which are pieces of paper with a written or printed code, are considered outdated and unreliable.
What Is a Crypto Wallet?
A crypto wallet is a tool that allows you to interact with blockchain networks to manage your cryptocurrencies and other digital assets. Your crypto wallet keeps track of how much cryptocurrency you have and lets you send and receive digital assets.
There are many types of crypto wallets. Some are available on multiple devices, while others are specifically designed for a single type of device.
In addition to storing and managing your cryptocurrency, crypto wallets also allow you to connect to decentralized applications (DApps), such as decentralized exchanges (DEXs) and play-to-earn games. You will also need a crypto wallet to store and manage non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
How Do Crypto Wallets Work?
Contrary to popular belief, crypto wallets don't actually store digital assets. Instead, they provide the tools necessary to access and spend your crypto holdings. In other words, crypto wallets generate the necessary information to send and receive assets via blockchain transactions.
A crypto wallet also contains one or more pairs of public and private keys and an address, which is an alphanumeric identifier generated based on those keys. In practice, you can think of a wallet address as a “specific location" on the blockchain to which coins can be sent. Similar to how you share your email address with others to receive messages, you can share your wallet’s public address with others to receive funds.
The private key is like your wallet password. It provides access to your cryptocurrency regardless of which wallet you use. So, even if your computer or smartphone is lost, you can still access your funds on another device — as long as you have the appropriate private key or seed phrase. Private keys and seed phrases should be kept secret at all times.
When you want to send cryptocurrency to someone or perform an action on a decentralized application (DApp), the crypto wallet creates a special digital signature. This signature is like a digital fingerprint that proves the transaction is valid and actually coming from you.
Custodial vs. Non-Custodial Wallets
Most crypto wallets are either custodial or non-custodial, differing primarily in ownership and control of private keys.
Custodial wallets are managed by third parties, such as crypto exchanges, which store and manage the private keys on your behalf. These wallets prioritize convenience, allowing you to recover funds more easily if you forget your password or lose access. However, custodial wallets require trust in the custodian’s security and reliability because you won’t be fully in control of your assets.
Non-custodial wallets, on the other hand, grant you full control over your seed phrases and private keys, ensuring complete ownership of your cryptocurrency. This independence enhances security and privacy but comes with greater responsibility. If your keys are lost or compromised, recovery is nearly impossible.
In short, each wallet type suits different user needs: custodial wallets for ease of use and non-custodial for those prioritizing autonomy and security.
Why Are Crypto Wallets Important?
Crypto wallets are essential tools for the secure storage and management of digital assets. The non-custodial types provide users with full control, ownership, and direct access to their funds, promoting financial independence and eliminating the need for intermediaries.
Ownership and control
Unlike traditional financial systems where banks or intermediaries store your funds for you, non-custodial crypto wallets give you full control to store and manage your own money. You hold the private keys that serve as proof of ownership and allow you to authorize transactions.
Users can perform direct peer-to-peer transactions, which can be advantageous in terms of speed and cost efficiency. It also allows individuals in underbanked or unbanked regions to access financial services and participate in the global economy.
Accessibility
Crypto wallets allow you to access your funds anytime, anywhere, as long as you have an Internet connection. You can send and receive cryptocurrency, check your balance, and interact with DApps at all times. This accessibility is especially useful for individuals who are unbanked, want to take control of their finances or participate in the decentralized economy.
Interoperability
Crypto wallets are often compatible with multiple cryptocurrencies and blockchain networks. This interoperability allows you to manage various digital assets within a single interface. You can trade a wide range of cryptocurrencies, participate in airdrops and community activities, and explore DApps across different blockchain ecosystems.
Adoption
Crypto wallets play an important role in driving the adoption and use of cryptocurrencies by providing a tool for individuals to engage with the crypto space. They aim to simplify the complex aspects of cryptocurrencies, making it easier for individuals, including non-technical users, to understand and manage their digital assets. User-friendly wallets attract newcomers to the crypto space, facilitating their entry into the ecosystem.
Which Type of Crypto Wallet Is the Best?
Choosing the best crypto wallet depends on several factors, including the user's specific needs and preferences. The best crypto wallet may also depend on the specific cryptocurrency you want to hold and use.
For example, the best Bitcoin wallet may be different from the one needed to store Ethereum-based assets. In some cases, the crypto wallet may not be designed for the blockchain network you’re interested in, so you may not even be able to use it.
There are various types of wallets available, each offering different features, security levels, and user experiences.
1. Hardware wallets
Hardware wallets are electronic devices that use a random number generator (RNG) to generate public and private keys. The keys are then stored on the device itself. Hardware storage is a type of cold wallet, meaning that it operates offline and isn’t connected to the Internet when storing and signing cryptocurrency transactions.
This isolation from online networks enhances the security of the private keys and protects them from potential online threats, such as hacking or malware attacks. By keeping private keys offline, hardware wallets provide an additional layer of protection, making them the preferred choice for individuals seeking increased security for their digital assets.
While these wallets provide a higher level of security against online attacks, even the best crypto hardware wallet can present risks if the firmware implementation isn’t done properly. Hardware wallets also tend to be less user-friendly. Depending on the wallet, funds might be more difficult to access when compared to hot wallets (the ones that are connected to the Internet).
Consider using a hardware wallet if you plan to hold your assets for a long time or if you're holding large amounts of cryptocurrency. Currently, most hardware wallets allow you to set up a PIN code to protect your device and a recovery phrase as a backup in case you forget your PIN or lose your wallet device.
Popular examples of hardware wallets include Ledger, Trezor, Tangem, and SafePal.
2. Software wallets
Software wallets come in a variety of forms, including web, desktop, and mobile wallets. They offer convenience and accessibility, but most are hot wallets, meaning they are connected to the Internet in some way.
For clarity, we will cover different types of software wallets separately, but keep in mind that many web wallets are also available as mobile applications.
Web wallets
You can use web wallets to access blockchains through a browser interface without downloading or installing software to your device. This includes both exchange wallets and other browser-based wallet providers.
When using a crypto exchange, you will have a custodial wallet that is managed by the company. While exchange wallets are more convenient for inexperienced users, you are entrusting the service provider with your keys and assets. So, it’s important to choose a trustworthy and secure provider like Binance.
When using cryptocurrency exchanges, consider enabling its protection tools, such as multi-factor authentication, anti-phishing code, and withdrawal address management.
If you prefer to have full control over your keys and assets, you can use non-custodial alternatives, such as MetaMask or Trust Wallet. Another great option is the Binance Wallet, which is a hybrid crypto wallet that gives you full control over your assets while offering 24/7 customer support and a password recovery tool.
Desktop wallets
As the name implies, desktop wallets are software applications that users download and run locally on their computers. Unlike some web-based versions, desktop wallets provide complete control over keys and funds.
When a new desktop wallet is created, a file called "wallet.dat" is stored locally on a computer. This file contains the private key information used to access the cryptocurrency addresses, encrypted with a personal password.
If you encrypt your desktop wallet, you will need to enter your password each time you run the software to read the wallet.dat file. If you lose this file or forget your password, you will most likely lose access to your funds.
Make sure to back up your wallet.dat file and keep it in a safe place. Alternatively, you can export and back up the corresponding private keys or wallet seed phrase. This will allow you to access your funds on other devices if your computer stops working or becomes inaccessible.
In general, reputable desktop wallets are considered secure. However, it’s crucial to ensure your computer is free of viruses and malware before setting up and using a desktop wallet. Electrum is a popular example of a desktop crypto wallet.
Mobile wallets
Mobile wallets work much like their web and desktop counterparts but are specifically designed as smartphone applications. These are quite convenient as they allow you to use crypto on the move. You can also send and receive digital assets using QR codes.
Mobile wallets are well-suited for performing day-to-day transactions and payments, making them a viable option for spending bitcoins, BNB, and other cryptocurrencies in the real world. MetaMask, Trust Wallet, and Phantom are popular examples of mobile wallets.
However, just like computers, mobile devices are vulnerable to malicious applications and malware infections. It's a good idea to encrypt your mobile wallet with a password. Make sure to back up your seed phrase (or private keys) in case you lose access to your phone.
3. Paper wallets
A paper wallet is a piece of paper on which a crypto address and its private key are physically printed out. These wallets are highly resistant to online hacking attacks and may be considered an alternative to cold storage. However, they require careful handling and secure storage to prevent loss or damage.
Paper wallets were relatively popular prior to 2016, but their use is now discouraged due to their intrinsic risks. Paper wallets are subject to being damaged or destroyed fairly easily. There are also security risks associated with data that might be stored in computers and printers after generating a paper wallet.
Another danger of using paper wallets comes from the misconception that funds can be sent multiple times from the same address. For instance, if you send 4 out of 10 BTC from your paper wallet, the remaining 6 BTC will be automatically transferred to a “change address” that is different from your paper wallet address. In most cases, users lose access to the remaining funds (the change) because it’s not an address they control.
Getting Started With a Crypto Wallet
To set up a crypto wallet, follow this step-by-step guide:
1. Research and choose a wallet
Research different types of wallets and consider factors such as wallet security, compatibility, user experience, custody, and community trust. Look for reputable wallet providers and read reviews to make an informed decision.
Once you've chosen a wallet, visit the wallet provider's official website. Make sure you’re on a legitimate website by verifying the URL. This is important because there are fraudulent websites that look almost identical to the legitimate ones.
If you decide to go with a crypto hardware wallet, you should also ensure that the wallet is sealed when it arrives and the packaging hasn’t been tampered with. Ideally, you should buy hardware wallets directly from the manufacturer to reduce risks.
2. Install the wallet
If it's a software wallet, find the download section on the website and select the appropriate version for your operating system. After downloading, follow the installation instructions provided by the wallet provider.
If you purchased a hardware wallet, you will need to follow the manufacturer's instructions to set it up. This usually involves connecting the device to your computer or smartphone using the included cable (or Bluetooth), installing the necessary software, and updating the firmware.
3. Set up the wallet and its security measures
When you first launch the wallet software, you'll usually have the option to create a new wallet or import an existing one. If setting up a new wallet, follow the instructions to generate a new wallet address and private key. If you already have a wallet, select the import option and provide the necessary details, like the recovery phrase or private key.
Remember to back up your wallet at this stage to protect it from loss or damage. Follow the wallet provider's instructions to back up your wallet's recovery phrase or create a wallet backup file. Store this backup securely in a separate location.
It's important to prioritize the security of your crypto wallet. Set a strong password for the wallet software and enable any additional security features offered by the wallet provider, such as biometric or two-factor authentication (2FA).
4. Familiarize yourself with the wallet interface
Take some time to play around and explore the wallet interface and its features. Familiarize yourself with functions such as sending and receiving funds, viewing transaction history, and accessing additional settings.
5. Fund the wallet
To start using your wallet, you'll need to transfer cryptocurrency to it to pay transaction and gas fees. The fees are paid in the network’s native currency. For instance, if you want to use a Solana wallet to trade NFTs on Magic Eden, you will need some SOL to make purchases and pay transaction fees.
One way to fund your new wallet is to send crypto from your Binance account:
Go to your withdrawal page on Binance and select the currency you want to transfer.
Go to your new wallet and get the public address. It’s often displayed along with a QR code. Copy the destination wallet address and paste it into the address field of your Binance withdrawal page.
Select the correct blockchain network.
For example: Bitcoin for BTC, BNB Smart Chain for BNB and BEP20 tokens, Ethereum for ETH and ERC20 tokens, Solana for SOL and SPL tokens, etc.
Be careful not to send to the wrong network, as this could lead to permanent losses. If you are unsure, do some research first and start sending small amounts to test and get familiar with the process.
As soon as the funds arrive, you will be ready to use your new crypto wallet.
How Do I Choose a Crypto Wallet?
There is no definitive answer. If you‘re a frequent trader, using a mobile or web wallet will allow you to access your funds quickly and trade conveniently. Assuming you have a virus-free device and secured your account with 2FA methods, your crypto is generally safe.
However, if you’re HODLing a large amount of crypto that you don’t plan to sell for a long time, cold wallets might be a better alternative, as they are more resistant to hacking, phishing attacks, and scams.
Closing Thoughts
A crypto wallet is an essential tool for securely managing your digital assets. Whether you're trading, HODLing, or exploring decentralized applications, choosing the right wallet is a big deal.
Always prioritize security by safeguarding your seed phrases and private keys. If you are using custodial services, look for trusted and reputable providers.
Further Reading
Disclaimer: This content is presented to you on an “as is” basis for general information and educational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind. It should not be construed as financial, legal or other professional advice, nor is it intended to recommend the purchase of any specific product or service. You should seek your own advice from appropriate professional advisors. Where the article is contributed by a third party contributor, please note that those views expressed belong to the third party contributor, and do not necessarily reflect those of Binance Academy. Please read our full disclaimer here for further details. Digital asset prices can be volatile. The value of your investment may go down or up and you may not get back the amount invested. You are solely responsible for your investment decisions and Binance Academy is not liable for any losses you may incur. This material should not be construed as financial, legal or other professional advice. For more information, see our Terms of Use and Risk Warning.