Traditionally, a security audit assesses a system against a predetermined set of criteria or a recognized standard, such as the Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation. Many organizations run audits to check that their systems can withstand potential leaks, intrusions, or cyberattacks, and to demonstrate regulatory compliance around how sensitive data is handled.
A security audit is often described as one of three main security diagnostic methods, alongside vulnerability assessments and penetration tests. A full audit may include all three.
Smart contracts are typically immutable once deployed and can hold significant value, so a single overlooked flaw may lead to large, irreversible losses. Audits aim to reduce this risk by catching issues such as reentrancy bugs or faulty access control. An audit can lower the probability of a successful exploit, but it does not guarantee that code is free of vulnerabilities.
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