Ghair Istemal shuda Transaction Output (UTXO)

Darmiyani
Update shuda Jun 24, 2026

Eham Nukaat

  • UTXO (ghair istemal shuda transaction output) cryptocurrency ka ek alag unit hota hai jo receive to ho chuka hai lekin abhi istemal nahi ki giya hota. Yeh wallet mein mojood “coins” ko represent karta hai, na ke mojooda balance ko.

  • Har Bitcoin transaction mein pehle se mojood UTXOs ko inputs ke tor par istemal kiya jata hai aur us ke nateeje mein naye UTXOs outputs ke tor par wujood mein ate hain. Bachi hui koi bhi raqam “baqaya” output ki surat mein wapas sender ko bhej diya jata hai.

  • Ethereum ke account par mabni model ke bar'aks, UTXO model mein koi markazi account balance mojood nahi hota. Is mein milkiyat ko ghair istemal shuda outputs ke silsilay se track kiya jata hai, jis se ek sath transaction ki toseeq ziyada moassar ho jati hai۔

  • UTXOs protocol ki satah par dohray istemal ko rokte hain: jab ek UTXO kisi transaction mein input ke tor par istemal ho jata hai to use mustaqil tor par kharch shudah qarar de diya jata hai aur phir use dobara istemal nahi kiya ja sakta۔

UTXO kia hota hai?

Ghair istemal shuda transaction output (UTXO) se murad aik aisi transaction output hai jo kisi nai transaction mein input ke tor par istemal ki ja sakti hai. UTXOs yeh tay karte hain keh har blockchain transaction kahan se shuru hoti hai aur kahan khatam hoti hai. UTXO model Bitcoin aur bohat si doosri cryptocurrencies ka aik bunyadi hissa hai.

Yani doosre lafzon mein, cryptocurrency transactions inputs aur outputs par mushtamil hoti hain. Jab koi transaction ki jati hai, to saarif ek ya ziyada UTXOs ko input ke tor par istemal karta hai. Saarif apne digital dastakhat fraham karta hai taa keh inputs ki milkiyat ki tasdeeq ho sake, aur is se outputs bante hain. Jo UTXOs istemal ho jate hain, unhein ab “spent” yani istemal shuda samjha jata hai aur unhein dobara istemal nahi kiya ja sakta. Transaction ke outputs naye UTXOs ban jate hain jo mustaqbil mein kisi bhi transaction mein istemal kiye ja sakte hain.

UTXOs kaise Kaam karti hain

Har UTXO ek awami address ke sath linked hota hai aur ise sirf wohi shakhs istemal kar sakta hai jis ke paas us se mutalqa digital dastakhat mojood hote hain. Jab koi transaction network par broadcast ki jati hai, to nodes daj zail chezon ki tasdeeq karte hain keh:

  • Mazkoora input UTXOs waqai exist karte hain aur abhi tak ghair istemal shuda hain.

  • Inputs ki kul qadar outputs ki kul qadar ke barabar ya us se ziyada ho (koi bhi farq miners ko fees ke tor par mita hai).

  • Sender ke digital dastakhat har input UTXO ke liye qabil e istemal hain.

Agar tamam sharaait puri ho jati hain, to input UTXOs ko istaml shuda ke tor par nishanzad kar diya jata hai aur naye output UTXOs ko UTXO set mein shamil kar diya jata hai, jo ke tamam qabil e istemal outputs ka aalmi database hota hai.

Misaal ke tor par: Alice Bob ko adaegi karti hai

Alice ke wallet mein 0.45 BTC hote hain. Ye ek coin ka hissa nahi hota, balkeh UTXOs ka ek majmua hota hai: khaas tor par, ek 0.4 BTC ka UTXO aur doosra 0.05 BTC ka UTXO, jo pehle ki transactions ke outputs hote hain.

Alice ko Bob ko 0.3 BTC send karna hota hai. Us ke paas sirf yeh option hai keh woh 0.4 BTC wala UTXO input ke tor par istemal kare, aur Bob ko 0.3 BTC ek output ke tor par bheje, aur baqi 0.1 BTC apne liye “baqaya” output ki madd mein wapas le le. Asal mein mining fees ki wajah se Alice ko thoda kam 0.1 BTC milta hai, lekin principle yahi rehta hai.

0.4 BTC wala UTXO ab mustaqil tor par istemal ho giya hai. Is se do naye UTXOs ban gaye hain: ek 0.3 BTC ka (Bob ke liye) aur doosra Alice ke liye us ko wapas ki gai baqaya raqam ka.

Agar Alice ko 0.42 BTC bhejne hote, to woh apne dono UTXOs (0.4 + 0.05 = 0.45 BTC) ko ikatha karti, aur is se poori transaction cover ho jati, phir 0.03 BTC ki izafi raqam usay baqaya ke tor par wapas mil jati.

UTXOs ko juzwi tor par istemal nahi kiya ja sakta. Is ke bajaye, inhein poori tarah istemal kiya jata hai, aur baqi raqam se naye outputs create ho jate hain. Yeh bilkul is tarah hai jaise aap banknote se daegi karte hain: aap poora note dete hain aur baqaya wapas le lete hain.

UTXO vs. Account Model

UTXO model ka muwazna Ethereum ke account par mabni model se kiya giya hai. Dono ke kuch bunyadi farq darj zail hain:

  • Balance representation: UTXO chains infaradi tor par istemal shuda outputs ko track karti hain; account chains har address ka mojooda balance barqarar rakhti hain (maslan, "Alice: 4.2 ETH").
  • State management: UTXO system alag hota hai aur har UTXO khud mukhtar hota hai, jab keh account model ek mushtarka aalmi riyasat ka istemal karta hai jise tasalsul ke sath update karna parta hai.
  • Mutawazi toseeq: Kiun keh UTXOs khud mukhtar hote hain, is liye mukhtalif UTXOs istemal karne wali transactions ki toseeq aik sath ki ja sakti hai. Lekin acount par mabni model mein agar aik hi address mutasir ho raha ho, to transactions ko aik tarteeb mein process karna lazmi hota hai.
  • Raazdari: UTXO model wallets ko har transaction ke liye naya address takhleeq karne ki ijazat deta hai, jis se ek single identity ke sath transaction history link karna mushkil ho jata hai.
  • Smart contracts: Account model complex smart contract logic (jo keh Ethereum ke DeFi ecosystem mein istemal ki jati hai) ke liye ziyada behtar hai. Standard UTXO chains ki programmability mehdood hoti hai, lekin extended UTXO variants (jaise Cardano ka eUTXO) is pabandi ko kuch had tak kam karte hain.

UTXO Model ke fawaed

  • Dohray istemal ki rok thaam: Har UTXO ko sirf aik dafa istemal kiya ja sakta hai. Yeh usool protocol level par nafiz hota hai aur Bitcoin mein dohray istemal ko rokne ke bunyadi tareeqon mein se aik hai.
  • Raazdari: Wallets har receive hone wali transaction ke liye naya address istemal kar sakte hain, jis se mukhtalif adaegiyon ke darmiyan link khatam ho jata hai aur poori transaction history ko trace karna mushkil ho jata hai.
  • Layer 2 ke zariye tosee pazeeri: aik Lightning Network Bitcoin ke UTXOs ko istemal karte hue off-chain payment channels kholta hai. Bohat si transactions off-chain settle ho sakti hain, jis se on-chain load kam ho jata hai, baghair is ke keh bunyadi UTXO accounting model mein koi tabdeeli ki jaye.
  • Tasdeeq ki salahiyat: koi bhi node poore UTXO set ki infaradi tor par toseeq kar sakta hai, aur isay kisi doosray fard par bharosa karne ki zaroorat nahi hoti, jis se Bitcoin ka trustless security model mazboot hota hai.

Kon si Cryptocurrencies UTXO Model istemal karti hain?

Bitcoin ke ilawa, bohat si bari cryptocurrencies UTXO model ka istemal krti hain:

  • Bitcoin Cash (BCH)

  • Litecoin (LTC)

  • Dogecoin (DOGE)

  • Zcash (ZEC)

  • Cardano (ADA) jamia UTXO (eUTXO) model istemal karta hai, jo UTXO accounting ko barqarar rakhte huye smart contract ki sahulat bhi deta hai.

Ethereum aur aksar EVM se muwafiq chains is ke bajaye account model istemal karti hain.

FAQ

UTXO ki full form kia hai?

UTXO ki full form “Unspent Transaction Output” hoti hai. Yeh cryptocurrency ka woh unit hota hai jo kisi transaction mein receive kiya giya ho aur abhi tak istemal na hua ho. Wallet ka balance un tamam UTXOs ka majmua hota hai jo us ke addresses se linked hote hain.

UTXO model aur account model mein kia farq hai?

UTXO model (jo Bitcoin istemal karta hai) mein balance ko alag alag ghair istemal shuda outputs ki collection ki surat mein zahir kiya jata hai. Is mein koi global account ledger nahi hota; milkiyat is baat se saabit hoti hai keh UTXOs ko qanooni digital dastakhat ke sath istemal kiya jaye. Jab keh account model (jo Ethereum istemal karta hai) mein har address ka ek balance hota hai jo har transaction ke baad barahe raast update hota rehta hai. UTXO model ziyada mayari raazdari aur aasan mutawazi toseeq ki sahulat deta hai, jab keh account model complex smart contract logic ke liye ziyada flexible hota hai.

UTXO dust kia hai?

UTXO dust se murad aese bohat se chotay UTXOs hain jin ki qadar itni kam hoti hai keh unhein kharch karne ki transaction fee un ki apni qadar se ziyada hoti hai. Yeh outputs waqt ke sath wallets mein jama ho jate hain aur global UTXO set mein bloat ka sabab bante hain. Wallets aksar low transaction fees ke dauran in dust UTXOs ko ikatha karte hain taa keh wallet ko ziyada qabil e nazm mehfooz rakha ja sake.

Kia Ethereum UTXO model istemal karta hai?

Nahi. Ethereum UTXO model ke bajaye account par mabni model istemal karta hai. Ethereum mein har account ka ek balance hota hai jo transactions ke zariye barahe raast update hota rehta hai. Yeh design Ethereum ke smart contract architecture ke liye ziyada mozoon hai, lekin yeh Bitcoin aur doosri UTXO par mabni chains ke milkiyat aur state handle karne ke tareeqay se bunyadi tor par mukhtalif hai.

Ikhtitami Khayalat

UTXO model Bitcoin aur bohat si doosri cryptocurrencies ke bunyadi design ke faislon mein se aik hai. Yeh milkiyat ko account balances ke bajaye ghair istemal shuda outputs ki chain ke zariye track karta hai, jis se dohra istemal rokne ka wazih mechanism hasil hota hai, muwafiq toseeq mumkin hoti hai, aur sarif ki razdari behtar hoti hai. UTXOs ko samajhna un logon ke liye bohat mufeed hai jo Bitcoin transactions, wallet development, ya Layer 2 ke payment channels par kaam karte hain.

Mazeed Mutala

Disclaimer: Ye content aap ke liye "jesa hai" ki bunyaad par sirf amoomi maloomat aur taleemi maqaasid ki gharz se pesh kiya giya hai, aur is mein kisi qisam ki numaindagi ya zamanat shamil nahin. Isse mali, qanooni, ya deegar qisam ki professional advice nahi samjha jana chahiye, na he is ka maqsad kisi makhsoos product ya service ki khareedari ki tajweez dena hai. Aap ko chahiye keh zati mashwaray ke liye muta'alqa professional advisors se mashwara lein. Jahan ye content kisi third party contributor ki janib se pesh kia jaye, barahe karam note karein wo khayalat us third party contributor ke hain, aur zaroori nahin ke wo Binance Academy ke mu'aqif ki akasi karte hon. Barahe karam mazeed tafseelat ke liye hamara mukammal disclaimer parhein. Digital asset ki qeemtein gher mustahkum ho sakti hain. Aap ki sarmayakari ki value kam ya ziyada ho sakti hai aur ho sakta hai ke aap ko apni lagai gai raqam wapis na milay. Aap ke saramayakari ke faislon ki mukammal zamadari aap par hai aur Binance Academy aap ko hone walay kisi bhi qisam ke nuqsanaat ke liye zimadar nahi hai. Mazeed maloomat ke liye, hamari Istemal ki Sharaait aur Khatray ka Intibah mulahiza karein.
Posts share karein
Mutaliqa Glossaries
Hash Rate

Woh raftar jis ke sath ek computer naye hashes ka hisab karne ke qabil hota hai.

Account register karein
Aaj hi Binance ka account khol kar apnay ilm ka amli tor par istemal karein