Eham Nukaat
Glamsterdam Ethereum ki ek eham protocol upgrade hai. Asal mein isay pehle June 2026 mein launch karne ka irada tha, lekin baad mein isay Q3 2026 tak muakhar kar diya gaya.
Is upgrade mein teen ehdaaf par tawajju di jati hai: transaction processing ko mutawazan banana, block ki gunjaish ko barhana, aur gas repricing ke zariye database ke ghair zaruri phailao ko rokna.
Proposals mein EIP-7732 (protocol mein shamil proposer-builder separation), EIP-7928 (block-level access lists), aur EIP-8037 (gas repricing ke bare mein janna) shamil hain.
Ethereum Foundation ne upgrade ke baad network ki gunjaish ka hadaf 200 million gas muqarrar kiya hai, jo is waqt taqreeban 60 million gas ke muqable mein bohat bara izafa hai.
Taaruf
Glamsterdam ek bohat bara Ethereum upgrade hai jo asal mein June 2026 ke liye plan kiya gaya tha, lekin is mein takheer ho gayi aur ab isay 2026 ke Q3 mein launch kiya jaye ga. Ethereum Foundation ne nayi timeline ki tasdeeq kar di hai, aur bataya hai keh izafi testing aur consensus aur execution clients ke darmiyan hum-ahangi qaim karne ke hawale se kaam karne ki zarurat hai.
Glamsterdam December 2025 mein hone wali Fusaka upgrade ki paishraft ke tor par banaya giya hai, jis mein data ki behtareen dastiyabi ko mumkin banane ke liye PeerDAS mutaarif karwaya gya tha. Fusaka ne bunyadi behtariyon par tawajju di, aur Glamsterdam ka maqsad networks ki taraf se block banane aur un ki toseeq karne ke tareeqon ko dobara munazzam kar keh Ethereum ki base layer ko scale karna hai.
Glamsterdam Upgrade Se Kia Murad Hai?
Glamsterdam se murad ek mushtarika execution-layer aur consensus-layer ki upgrade hai. Is ka naam Ethereum ki riwayat ke mutabiq, execution layer ke liye kisi shehar ka naam ("Amsterdam") aur consensus layer ke liye kisi sitare ka naam ("Gloas") rakha jata hai, inhi ko mila kar is ka naam "Glamsterdam" rakha gaya hai.
Is upgrade ke teen eham ehdaf hain. Pehla hadaf, mutawazi amal ke zariye processing ko tez karna, taa keh network ek ek kar ke nahi balkeh ek sath kai transactions process kar sake.
Dosra, block banane aur toseeq karne ki zimmedariyan taqseem kar keh gunjaish barhana, taa keh ziada miqdar mein data ko poore network mein phailane ke liye ziada waqt mil sake.
Tesra hadaf yeh hai keh, naye data ko store karne ki hardware ki taweel muddati lagaat ko madde nazar rakhte huye fees ko is tarah adjust karna keh database ka phailao ruk jaye, is se mustaqbil mein gas ki limit ko barhane ka rasta khul jaye ga.
Mukhtasar yeh keh, Glamsterdam ne saakht mein aisi tabdeeliyan mutarif karwai hain jo is baat ko yaqeeni banati hain keh network ki gunjaish barhne ke bawajood bhi woh behtar kaarkardagi aur mustehkam tareeqay se chalta rahe.
Glamsterdam mein Eham Proposals
EIP-7732: Proposal mein Shamil Proposer-Builder Separation (ePBS)
Filhal, block proposers aur block builders ke darmiyan taaluq Ethereum ke bunyadi protocol ka hissa nahi hai. Yeh ek aise qabil-e-aitmaad third party middleware par inhisar karta hai jisay relays kaha jata hai, aur in mein sab sy numaiyan MEV-Boost hai.
Yeh off-protocol wala intizaam ek rukawat paida karta hai: validators ko sirf 2 second ke mukhtasar waqt mein tezi se transactions ko broadcast aur execute karna parta hai, jis ki wajah se network har block mein sirf mehdood miqdaar mein data handle kar sakta hai.
EIP-7732 mein proposer (jo consensus block ka intikhab karta hai) aur builder (jo execution payload tayyar karta hai) ke kirdar ko ba-zabta tor par alag kar diya gaya hai, aur is hand-off ko barah-e-rast protocol ka hissa bana diya gaya hai. Is se third-party middleware ki zarurat khatam ho jati hai aur trustless builder payments ko protocol ke andar hi shamil kar diya jata hai.
2 second ki rukawat ko door karne ke liye, ePBS ne ek Payload Timeliness Committee (PTC) aur ek dual-deadline logic mutarif karwai hai. Validators consensus block aur execution payload ki alag alag tasdeeq kar sakte hain, jis se propagation ka waqt 2 seconds se barh kar taqreeban 9 seconds ho jata hai. Yeh izafi waqt Ethereum ko network par bojh dale baghair kaafi barre blocks ko mehfooz tareeqe se process karne ke qabil banata hai.
ePBS ke asraat staking pools par bhi parte hain. Trustless monitoring ko mumkin banane ke liye architecture mein tabdeeliyan karne ki zarurat ho gi. Lekin, builder ke intikhab ke shafaf amal ke zariye staking ka majmoi tajurba behtar ho sakta hai.
EIP-7928: Block-Level Access Lists (BALs)
Fil-waqt, Ethereum transactions ko tarteebwaar process karta hai. Network ko transaction run hone tak yeh maloom nahi hota keh transaction kis data tak rasai hasil kare gi ya us mein kon si tabdeeli kare gi, is liye tazaadat se bachne ke liye validators ko transactions ko ek ek kar ke process karna parta hai. Is se ek single-lane road ban jati hai jis mein throughput serial execution ki raftaar tak mehdood rehta hai.
Block-Level Access Lists (BALs) is surat-e-haal ko is tarah badalti hain keh yeh pehle se hi tamam transaction dependencies ki tafseel faraham kar deti hain. Execution layer ek mukammal block access list mehfooz rakhti hai jis mein har woh account darj hota hai jis tak transactions rasai hasil karein gi, is ke ilawa un tabdeeliyon ke hatmi nataij bhi mojood hote hain. Block header mein is list ka ek mukhtasar fingerprint shamil hota hai.
Jab yeh tafseel pehle se mojood ho, to validators ghair-mutasadim transactions ko ek ek kar ke process karne ke bajaye ek hi waqt mein process kar sakte hain. Nodes bhi har transaction bar bar anjaam dene ke bajaye seedha hatmi nataij parh kar tez raftari se sync ho sakte hain, is feature ko executionless sync kaha jata hai. BALs Layer 1 ki throughput mein numaiyan izafay ki buniyad banti hain.
EIP-8037: Gas Repricing
Gas ki limit ko barhana usi surat mein faidemand sabit hota hai jab network kaarkardagi ko mutasir kiye baghair us ke natije mein barhne wale state ko handle kar sake. EIP-8037 state banane wale operations ke ikhrajaat barha kar data ko mehfooz rakhne ke liye ziada behtar pricing mutarif karwata hai. Is ka maqsad yeh hai keh state ki tosee ko ziada mehngi ho, jab keh computation ki cost nisbatan kam rahe.
Yeh repricing 200 million gas ke hadaf ke sath mil kar kaam karne ke liye design ki gayi hai. Agar yeh na ho, to gas ki limit barhane se state had se ziada taraqqi kar sakti hai jis ki wajah se node chalana din ba din ziada mehnga hota jaye ga. Naye data ko store karne par hone wale taweel muddat ke hardware kharch ko gas costs mein shamil kar ke, EIP-8037 yaqeeni banata hai keh gunjaish mein izafa mustahkam rahe.
200 Million Gas ki Limit ka Hadaf
Ethereum Foundation ne 200 million gas ki limit ko network ke liye "Glamsterdam ke baad ka ek qabil-e-amal hadaf" qaraar diya hai. Yeh taqreeban 60 million ki gas ki mojooda limit ke muqable mein kaafi bara izafa ho ga. Lekin, Foundation ne isay upgrade ke pehle din ki ek yaqeeni setting ke bajaye sirf gunjaish ka hadaf qaraar diya hai.
Gas ki limit yeh tay karti hai keh ek block mein kitni computation shamil ki ja sakti hai. Isay barhane ka matlab hai keh har block mein ziada transactions aur smart contract operations process kiye ja sakte hain, lekin is ki wajah se blocks bhi ziada bare ho jate hain aur un ki toseeq ke liye ziada resources darkar hote hain. Isi izafay ko mehfooz or mustehkam rakhne ke liye Glamsterdam mein ePBS, BALs aur gas repricing ka imtizaaj tayyar kiya gaya hai.
Timeline aur Mojooda Surat-e-haal
Jaisa ke pehle bataya giya hai keh Glamsterdam ka asal target June 2026 tha. Ethereum Foundation ne tasdeeq ki hai keh ab yeh upgrade Q3 2026 mein mutawaqqa hai. Is takheer ki wajah yeh hai keh ePBS ki taraqqi itni tez nahi ho saki, aur consensus aur execution clients ke darmiyan interoperability ke masail abhi hal kiye ja rahe hain.
Is upgrade ke devnets pehle hi live hain aur Norway ke shehar, Svalbard mein hone wale ek interop event ke duran is ki testing ki gayi hai. Is waqt upgrade apne testing ke hatmi marhale mein hai. Mainnet par kisi bhi launch se pehle public testnet ko activate kiya jaye ga, lekin abhi tak testnet ki koi tasdeeq shuda tareekh ka elan nahi kiya gaya.
Kuch reports ke mutabiq androni tor par developers ka hadaf August 2026 ke aakhir ka hai, lekin yeh koi hatmi tareekh nahi hai. Timeline ke liye sab se bara khatra yeh hai keh agar testing ke doran, khaas tor par ePBS ke nifaaz aur mukhtalif clients ke darmiyan yaksaniyat ke hawale se mazeed masail samne aa gaye to upgrade mein mazeed takheer ho sakti hai.
Glamsterdam Ke Baad Kiya Aaye Ga?
Ethereum Foundation Glamsterdam ke baad Hegotà naam ki ek nayi bari upgrade ki planning bhi kar rahi hai, plan ke mutabiq isay Glamsterdam ke baad lauch kiya jaye ga aur isay launch karne ki tareekh development ki taraqqi ki raftaar ke mutabiq 2026 ke aakhir mein ya us ke baad ki batai ja rahi hai.
Mutawaqqe hai keh Hegotà mein Verkle Trees mutarif karwaya jaye, jo Ethereum ke mojooda data structure ko ek ziada moassar structure se badal dein ge jo stateless clients ko mumkin banayein gay.
Frame Transactions ke naam se mashhoor EIP-8141 ko bhi Hegotà ke liye shamil karne par ghor kiya ja raha hai. Is mein transaction ki toseeq ko programmable bana kar native account abstraction mutarif karwaya jaye ga, jis se users ko ECDSA tak mehdood rehne ke bajaye post-quantum signature schemes muntakhib karne ki ijazat mile gi. Lekin, EIP-8141 abhi bhi Draft status mein hai aur is ki shamuliyat ki tasdeeq nahi hui.
Hegotà ke baad, Foundation Strawmap par kaam ko aage barha rahi hai, jo apne taweel muddat ke quantum-resistant roadmap ki wajah se mashhoor hai. Is kaam mein hash-based signatures (leanXMSS), quantum-safe signatures ko compress karne ke liye ek minimal zkVM (leanVM), aur 10 se ziada client teams ke darmiyan haftawar interop testing shamil hai.
FAQ
Glamsterdam upgrade kab activate ki jaye gi?
Ethereum Foundation ne Q3 2026 tak hadaf muqarrar kiya hai, lekin mainnet activation ki kisi tasdeeq shuda tareekh ka elan nahi kiya gaya. Devnets live hain, aur mutawaqqe hai keh mainnet se pehle public testnet activate ho jaye. Kuch reports mein August 2026 ke aakhir mein developers ka androoni hadaf ke tor par bayan kiya gaya hai, lekin yeh official nahi hai.
Protocol mein shamil proposer-builder separation (ePBS) se kia murad hai?
ePBS (EIP-7732) block proposers aur block builders ke darmiyan t'aluq ko Ethereum ke bunyadi protocol ka hissa bana deta hai, jis se MEV-Boost jaise third-party relay middleware ki zarurat khatam ho jati hai.
Yeh Payload Timeliness Committee aur dual-deadline logic mutarif karwata hai jo block propagation ke waqt ko 2 seconds se barha kar taqreeban 9 seconds kar deta hai, jis se network ko ziada barre blocks handle karne ki sahulat milti hai.
Block-level access lists (BALs) se kia murad hai?
BALs (EIP-7928) block ke andar mojood tamam transaction dependencies ki tafseel pehle hi faraham karti hain. Agar execution shuru hone se pehle validators ko yeh bata diya jaye keh har transaction kin accounts tak rasai hasil kare gi, to BALs ghair-mutasadim transactions ko ek ek kar ke process karne aur executionless sync ke zariye nodes ko ziada tezi se sync karne mein madad dete hain.
Kia Glamsterdam gas fees kam kare ga?
Glamsterdam ka bunyadi maqsad network ki gunjaish aur throughput ko barhana hai, na keh barah-e-raast gas fees ko kam karna. Gas limit ke hadaf ko barhane aur tarteeb waar execution ko mumkin banane se, har block mein ziada transactions shamil ki ja sakein gi, jis se congestion ki wajah se fees mein hone wale achanak izafay ko kam karne mein madad mil sakti hai.
Lekin, EIP-8037 database ke ghair-zaruri phailao ko rokne ke liye state banane wale operations ke ikharajaat bhi barha deta hai, is liye kuch operations ziada mehnge ho sakte hain.
Glamsterdam aur Fusaka mein kia farq hai?
December 2025 mein activate hone wale Fusaka ne data ki behtar dastiyabi ke liye PeerDAS aur Layer 2 networks ke liye izafi blob parameters mutarif karwaye. Glamsterdam is buniyad ko aage barhate huye Layer 1 scaling par markooz hai, jis mein ePBS, block-level access lists, aur gas repricing shamil hain. Bunyadi tor par Fusaka ka ziada faida Layer 2 rollups ko hua, jab keh Glamsterdam barah-e-raast base layer ko hadaf banata hai.
Ikhtitami Khayalat
Glamsterdam, Ethereum ke scaling roadmap ka ek eham iqdam hai. Is upgrade ka maqsad decentralization ya node ki dastiyabi ko mutasir kiye baghair Ethereum ko kaafi had tak ziada throughput ke liye tayyar karna hai.
Eham tabdeeliyon mein proposer-builder separation ko protocol ka hissa banana, block-level access lists ke zariye transaction ki parallel processing mutarif karwana, aur state growth ko manage karne ke liye gas ki repricing karna shamil hai.
Q3 2026 tak ki takheer in mein shamil tabdeeliyon ki paicheedgi ko zahir karti hai. Sirf ePBS hi blocks banane aur unhein network mein phailane ke tareeqay ko dobara se tarteeb deta hai, aur client ke tamam nifaaz ke darmiyan interoperability ko yaqeeni banane mein waqt lagta hai.
Mazeed Mutala
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